Inflamation and Swelling

Histamine and prostaglandins are the most common causes of vasodilation. Every cell in your body except the red blood cells produce MHC class one proteins. MHC class two proteins are produced by phagocytes. C3A and C3B are major inducers of histamine release, it keeps white blood cells moving through periphery. The release of a chemical causes vasodilation of the blood vessels, which increases blood flow to the injured area. The increased blood flow causes swelling and increased pressure on the nerve endings which causes pain.

Lymph Nodes

A lymph node is an organ made up of many types of cells. The lymph node is also part of the lymphatic system and are found throughout the body acting as filters to keep things that do not belong in the body out. The lymph nodes are centralized in the cervical, axillary, and inguinal. They are located close to the portages of entries. All the lymph nodes are routed through the right lymphatic duct or on the left side which is the left thoracic duct.
They are an important part of the immune system because the lymph nodes contain white body cells. When the lymph nodes become enlarged or inflamed, the conditions that this can cause can be anything from a throat infection to cancer. The lymph node is surrounded by a fibrous capsule and is divided into the outer cortex and inner medulla. Inside the lymph node, a mesh like work called RN (Reticular Network) supports the node. Not only does this mesh work support but it also provides adhesion to the cells inside.The lymph nodes allow the exchange of material with the blood.

Heart

The heart is the size of a fist. The outer most layer is the fibrous layer, then there is a parental layer. The parental layer processes water, lubricating fluid, and percordial fluid. The inner most visceral layer is thin and delicate. There are three layers of the heart are endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium. The endocardium consists of simple squamous epi. The myocardium is the cardiac muscle. Finally the epicardium is areolar connective tissue.
The SA node is the pacer maker cells it is located on the back of the heart. The AV node is on the front of the heart. Sodium Ions cause electrical chargers that open up the calcium ions that cause the heart muscles to contract. The purkinje fibers is where the electricity goes.
The P wave represents depolarization in the right and left atrium muscle cells. QRS represents depolarization of the ventricles. The T wave is the re polarization of the ventricles.

Blood

There are four different blood types, A, B, AB, and O. Type A has A antigens, that are lollslipop shaped antigens all over it. These antigens produce B antibodies. Type B's antigens are cone shaped and produce A antibodies. Blood type AB has both shaped antigens, and does not produce any antibodies. Type O blood does not have any antigens and produces both A and B antibodies. The RH factor has a spring shaped figures on them and can be traced back to the Rhesus Monkey. A RH factor is an antigen.
If a women has a negative RH factor and she has a kid that has a positive RH factor or has a blood transfusion that has a postitive RH factor, then the mother's body will build up antibodies against the positive RH factor. The women must have a shot within the first ten days of being exposed the the postive RH factor blood. If she does not get a shot within the first ten days then she will build up antibodies against the positive RH factor that she will never get rid of. If she does not get the shot and decides to have another kid, if the kid has a positive RH factor, then the mother's antibodies will attack the baby's hemoglobin and suffocate the baby causing a miscarriage or a mental disability.

Male and Female Hormones

Both sexes have testosterone and estrogen, however men and women have more of one than the other.Men have a hormone known as testosterone and women have a hormone known as estrogen. Both sexes are impacted differently by the hormones in there body. Testosterone is a sex hormone that is secreted by the testicles of men and is a steroid hormone from the androgen group. Testosterone stimulates the development of male sex organs, sperm, and finally secondary sexual traits. Testosterone helps in the growth of muscle mass, strength, the increase in bone density, and the stimulation of linear growth and bone maturation. After puberty testosterone triggers the growth of hair and deepening of the voice. Estrogen is the hormone that is in the ovaries of females. Estrogen is a group of steroid compounds. Estrogen helps the development of the female secondary sex characteristics such as breasts. It also helps regulate the menstrual cycle. Estrogen is in oral contraceptives.
These hormones are in everyone, but testosterone is known as the male hormone and estrogen is known as the female hormone. These hormones affect the your body everyday and everyone needs to have a certain amount in their system. Once an individual hits puberty their amount of each hormone rises.

Anterior Pituitary

The Pituitary gland is a small cherry-shaped structure and is attached to the base of the brain. The anterior pituitary is divided into three parts distal part, tubular part, and intermediate part. The distal part is the majority of the pituitary. The tubular part is a sheath that extends from the distal part to the pituitary stalk. The intermediate part sits between the bulk of the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary and is often very small in humans. The pituitary controls the secretion of certain hormones. The hormone that are controlled by the anterior pituitary are human growth hormone (hGH), Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Prolactin (PRL), and Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH). HGH is secreted by Somatotrophs, the releasing Hormone is the growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and HGH is inhibited by the growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH). TSH is secreted by thyrotroph, the releasing hormone is the Throtropin releasing hormone (TRH) and the inhibiting hormone is (GHIH). The FSH, and LH are all secreted by Gonadotrophs and the releasing hormone is the Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). The PRL is screted by Lactotrophs, the releasing hormone is the prolactin releasing hormone (PRH), and the inhibiting hormone is the prolactin inhibiting hormone (PIH). The ACTH is secreted by Corticotrophs and the releasing hormone is the corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH).

The Eyeball

There are three layers of the eyeball. The three layers are the sclera, the choroid, and the retina. The layers can also be called tunics, but if they are called tunics they are known as the fibrous, the pigmented, and the visual. The fibrous, sclera, choroid and the pigmented are vascular; and the retina and visual are not vascular. The white part of the eye is known as the sclera. Calogen gives the sclera the white color.
The autonomic nervous system regulates the pupil's diameter. The parasympathetic nerve impulse causes the circular muscles to contract which allows less light to enter the eye. The sympathetic nerve impulse causes the muscles to dilate, allowing more light in.
The cornea has no blood vessels. The lens are made up of protein.The fovea is the focus point in the eye. Since the lens are concave as well as the cornea, the ligaments attached to the lens tighten in order to make the lens flat and loosen in order to allow the lens to be more concave. This ability helps make the object you are seeing clear.